Iran Revolution Essays - Iranian Revolution, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Iran Revolution Iran is a nation situated in the Middle East. The principle source of salary for the nation is oil, the one article that had extraordinarily affected its history. Iran's current government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, bureau, legal branch, and Majilesor or authoritative branch, makes up the legislative positions. An upheaval that toppled the ruler, which was set in 1930, kept going more than 15 a long time. Crane Brinton's book, An Anatomy of a Revolution, clarifies set of four stages a nation encounters when an unrest happens. Indications, rising fever, emergency, and improvement are the means that happen. The Iranian Revolution followed the four stages in Crane Brinton's hypothesis, indications, rising fever, emergency, and improvement happened. Various indications prompted the disintegrating defeat of Reza Shah Pahlavi, leader of Iran until 1978. One of these indications is rising desires which can be seen during the 1960's and 70's. The rich Shah made room for the land change law, authorized in 1962. The land minority needed to surrender its territory to the administration, and among those deprived of land, were the Shi'ah Muslims. Iran's capacity structure was drastically changed in a program named the White Upheaval. On January 26, 1963, the White Revolution was embraced by the country. By 1971, when land appropriation finished, around 2,500,000 groups of the ranch populace profited by the changes. From 1960-72 the level of proprietor involved farmland in Iran rose from 26 to 78 percent. Per capita salary rose from $176 in 1960 to $2,500 in 1978. From 1970-77 the gross national item was accounted for to increment to a yearly pace of 7.8% (Iran 896). Accordingly flourishing economy, the salary hole quickly extended. Selective homes, indulgent eateries, and night clubs and avenues stacked with costly autos filled in as day by day tokens of a developing pay spread. This made an ideal situation for some contentions to emerge between the classes. Iran's exclusive class comprised of well off land proprietors, intelligencia, military pioneers, government officials, and ambassadors. The Elite kept on supporting the government and the Shah. The laborers were survivor of unfulfilled political desires, reconnaissance by the mystery police, and the serious social and financial issues that come about because of modernization. The working class supported communism over private enterprise, since free enterprise in their view upheld the tip top, and doesn't profit the lower classes. The white collar class was the most alterable component in the gathering, since they appreciated a portion of the benefits of the world class, which they might want to ensure. At the equivalent time, they accepted that they had been cheated by the world class out of a lot of the industrialization riches (Orwin 43). About this time, the working class, which included understudies, technocrats, and innovator experts, got discontent with the economy. The key occasion ought to have additionally settled the imperial fascism, yet the expansion in oil costs and oil pay starting in 1974 caused extraordinary expansion. This was because of the venture system followed by the Shah, which prompted a tremendous 42% development rate in 1974. (Cottam 14). What's more, due to the Shah's help structure which empowered the new rich to profit by swelling, the legislature exertion to manage expansion was capricious. Poor Iranians and Iranians with a fixed pay endured significant misfortunes in genuine pay. Better ways of life were not, at this point obvious. Consequently, most of the Iranian individuals built up a progressive inclination. As the white collar class got discontent in Iran all through the 1970's, the departure of learned people could be found in incredible abundance. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spoke to a significant part of the discontent of the strict area of Iran. For standing in opposition to the Shah's imperious standard, Khomeini was banished to Turkey in 1963. In 1965, Khomeini moved to Iraq where he turned into the focal representative for ostracize restriction to the Shah. On October 6, 1978, Khomeini was removed from Iraq and moved to Paris, where he was open to a bigger assortment of restriction powers. He was additionally available to the Western Press. Khomeini lectured that he would dislodge the Shah and remove the outsiders. He additionally said he would authorize strict and customary qualities, and divert Iran's riches from huge industrialization plans and toward changes required by the normal individuals. All through the 1970's, Khomeini increased enormous

Film School Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film School - Personal Statement Example Subsequently, I accept individuals can look at their own general public through the motion pictures and as a trying movie producer, I want to some time or another touch lives by making films that analyze this general public Films like Squatting Tiger, Hidden Dragon, and The Departed, gave me motivation. After I moved on from secondary school my folks recommended that I go on vacation to get myself, it was troublesome not being an understudy nor working and providing for the network. In any case, through watching films, I understood that regardless of what sort of film it was, each film gave extraordinary understanding and a message about existence. I ended up exploring why certain producers chose to handle a topic or what the motivation was that propelled their thought. For instance, Martin Scorsese, the Producer and Director of, Groups of New York had an individual enthusiasm for depicting the recorded makings of Gotham City. His interest in his own city incited him to make a bit of work that could be imparted to an enormous crowd. The Director, Ang Lee turned into another motivation. His capacity to cross the social, cultural and semantic obstructions astounded me. Lee's jump from carefully little Chi nese movies to overall honor victors gave me trust that I also could mix the hearts and brains of society. These two chiefs, and numerous others constrained me to be a piece of the business that had such an impact on me. My enthusiasm for film developed when my companion who was a film maj

5 Great Tips to Save Money on Your Wifi Bill

5 Great Tips to Save Money on Your Wifi Bill 5 Great Tips to Save Money on Your Wifi Bill 5 Great Tips to Save Money on Your Wifi BillHome wifi is pretty much necessary these days, but that doesnt mean you have to pay through the nose in order to enjoy it!In just 20 years, wireless in-home internet has gone from a rarity to basically everywhere. Great! Yet another bill you have to pay every month!Of course, you could just not have home wifi, sure. Sure, and you could also drive to work on a whale-oil-powered penny-farthing bicycle. It’s just not gonna happen!Instead, you should focus your efforts on cutting down the cost of your home wifi. Here are some great tips from real industry and personal finance experts to help you save money on your wifi bill.1. Don’t rent a modem; buy one.When signing up for a new wireless internet provider, buy compatible equipment to fit your needs,” said consumer spending expert Ben Huber (@vtgrad2010) of  DollarSprout.com  (@dollarsproutblog). “Companies will often lease modems or routers for a monthly feeâ€"and those fees can be dec eptively steep.”If you’re worried about buying a modem that won’t be compatible with your wireless provider, don’t worry. “Nearly all internet providers will include a list of compatible devices somewhere on their website, or within their terms of use,” said Huber.2. Negotiate.  One of the best ways to save money on anything is to try and negotiate a lower billâ€"and wireless internet is no exception. “Some of the smaller players in the ISP industry may be willing to actively negotiate your monthly payment as they fight for market share among internet consumers,” said Huber.He even recommended a good negotiating tactic: “If you express interest in a lower bill, or leverage your ability switch to a different provider, you may find that certain companies will be quick to walk back the price of your monthly bill.”And if you’re not the world’s greatest negotiator, you could always let someone else negotiate on your behalf! Personal finance blogger Marc Andre of   VitalDollar.com (@vital_dollar) recommended services like Trim and BillCutterz that work to negotiate your bill for you.“If they are able to lower your bill, they will keep a percentage of the saving. If they cant lower your bill, you pay nothing. Its possibly the easiest way to save,” he said. Sure, you’ll save more if you’re able to negotiate your bill down on your own, but smaller savings are better than none at all!3. Monitor your data usage.“If you purchase a pay-as-you-go plan (or an unlimited plan) this may not affect you as much, cautioned Huber, “But if youre one of the millions of Americans who fall into tiered data plans, theres a good chance youre paying for more data than youre actually using.”And, as it turns out, one of the best ways to less for something is to simply use less of it.“Major ISPs (internet service providers) will provide usage statistics, both on your bill and their respective online dashboards, which can help you adjust your plan needs accordingly,” said Huber.For folks who keep their internet usage pretty light, Andre recommended FreedomPop, which offers free mobile phone and high-speed internet service. “The free plan is limited to 500 MB per month, but if you dont use the internet a lot it can be a great option,” he said.4. Compare prices.This is another piece of advice that applies across the board. The more you shop around with any  kind of major purchase, the more likely you are to find the most affordable option. Getting a solid grasp on what service providers cover your area and what kinds of prices theyre charging will not only help you find the best dealâ€"it can also help you negotiate.To aid you in the search, you could use a free online comparison engine like  Wirefly.com (@Wirefly), which helps people shop for the best price on monthly services like internet and cell service, insurance plans, cable, etc. According  to Wirefly President Logan Abbot, the average Wirefly user saves 30 percent on t heir wireless bill by switching their plan to another provider.5. Play the long game.  When deciding on a wireless provider, you have to look beyond the short-term. A given wifi plan could end up saving you money now but costing you an arm and a leg down the road.Short term promotions can be incredibly enticing when it comes to signing up for a new internet service provider, but as the Latin phrase caveat emptor suggests, let the buyer beware,” said Huber.“After promo terms end, consumers often quickly realize the astronomically inflated new cost of conducting business with their internet provider. Rates can skyrocket 100 percent or more in the immediate month following the end of your promo rate, and that is a hard pill to swallow when there are limited options in your area.”So what happens if your rates all of a sudden go up? See tip #2 for more details.What are you going to do with that money you save?Once you’ve successfully secured a lower rate on your wireless bill, yo u should make sure that extra money doesn’t go to waste. Even if you use that money to splurge on an extra special dinner or date night, at least you’d be using it for something instead of just frittering it away.Here’s our suggestion: Use it to build up a $1,000 emergency fund to help cover surprise expenses. That way, you won’t have to rely on predatory bad credit loans and no credit check loans (like payday loans, cash advances, and title loans) when an unexpected medical expense or car bill rears its ugly head.For more great money-saving tips, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:7 Tips for Eating Out on the CheapHow to Save Money on GasThe Broke Person’s Guide to Dating50 Places That Will Give You Free Stuff on Your BirthdayWhat are your best strategies for lowering your wifi bill?  Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsLogan Abbott is an Internet entrepreneur, tech, and personal finance expert. Logan is the President of  Wirefly.com (@Wirefly), the leading smartphone and cell phone comparison site on the web. Wirefly features a comparison shopping engine for mobile phones, cell phone plans, phone service, Internet, insurance, banking, and more, which helps the average Wirefly user save 30% by switching services. In his spare time, Logan enjoys reading, coding, kitesurfing, and gaming.Marc Andre is a personal finance blogger at  VitalDollar.com (@vital_dollar), where he writes about saving money, managing money, and ways to make more money. His goal with Vital Dollar is to help individuals and families get the most out of the money they have and to reach their full financial potential. He lives in Pennsylvania with his wife and their two kids (a son and a daughter).Ben Huber is a  personal finance writer at, and the co-owner of, DollarSprout.com (@dollarsproutblog), a leading resource in helping millennials make and manage financial decisions. A consumer spending and behavioral eco nomics expert, he helps young adults make the most of their hard earned money. When he isnt writing or attending Pittsburgh Penguins hockey games, hes almost certainly at the gym lifting weights and trying to impress strangers. You can follow him on Twitter @vtgrad2010 for more money-saving tips.

Shopenhauer Essay - 568 Words

Shopenhauer Schopenhauer sought to understand and describe the world and the things of the world. Building off of the ideas of Plato, Descartes, and Kant, however doing away with the aspect of dualism in their theories, he developed the concept of Will and Representation. The world as Will according to Schopenhauer is all that exists for knowledge, only object in relation to subject, perception of a perceiver, in a word, idea. Everything in the world is a representation and everything one sees is a representation in one’s mind. That which forces the Representation into being is the Will. In Schopenhauer’s doctrine of the thing-in-itself, or the Will, he proposes that experience is made up of subject and object. There is no†¦show more content†¦In our cognitive experience we never touch the real; things-in-themselves are not to be known on any terms by any intelligence. But in inner experience, in the consciousness of internal states we do come across something that is more than phenomenal; this is the will. The will has both an inner and an outer side, inner for immediate consciousness and outer for intelligence. The inner is the act of willing and the outer is bodily motion. These two are not different; they only appear in different ways. Will is the real thing, or thing-in-itself, its manifestations phenomena. Thus at the root of existence in all its varied forms there is Will supporting them, manifesting itself in them. Will is not phenomenal, not given in Representation, not in time or space, not individualized, and not subject to the law of casualty. The Will in itself lies beyond the sphere of space, time and casualty, because these are subjective forms which spring into being only when a brain has been evolved. It can have no individuality, no distinction or difference, no end towards which it works. Similar to Kant’s noumena, will is a blind, incessant impulse, a thing in itself, that which exits independently of our ow n perceptions. It is an inner, consciousness of our own existence, our feelings and desires; Will is reality. In my reading of the article â€Å"Schopenhauer’s Philosophy† by Robert Adamson andShow MoreRelated Magical and Sublime Characteristics of A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings1142 Words   |  5 PagesWendy B. Magical Realism : Post Expressionism. Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995: 163-190. Longinus. On the Sublime. Cambridge. Harvard UP, 1995. Shopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Idea! Philosophies of Art and Beauty. Eds. Albert Hofstadter and Richard Kuhns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. 448-468.   Read MoreAnalysis of All Quiet on the Western Front: The Real Horrors of the War1120 Words   |  5 Pagesideals they packed for war were but the illusions of those they left behind. Paul, as his brothers of arms, feel that nothing remotely transcedental can occupy their minds anymore as they learn that a bright button is weightier than four volumes of Shopenhauer. Food is insufficient and often not nutritious and Paul reckons the guilty relievement he and his friends felt when a miscalculation granted them a double ration of food, a miscalculation that meant dozens of their comrades had been killed. SomethingRead MoreThe Characteristics Of William Tolkien s The Great Gatsby 1494 Words   |  6 Pagesthere still, shift rapidly, and are often are at least greatly revealed in the soliloquies, even though they re not quite made simple for you. Of course Tolkien denied the Wagner connection; Freud also claimed he had never read Neitzche or Shopenhauer and Eliot claimed he had never read Whitman. A lot of time authors grow indignant when they feel near being pinned. I love Tolkein a lot better than Wagner, but it grates against his artistry that they had the same project within less than a century

Importance Of Dolphins Protection - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 626 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Eo, Yeo, and Kwon (2013) explain gastrointestinal foreign bodies are a serious problem in cetaceans and dolphins (p. 251). For example, Eo et al. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Importance Of Dolphins Protection" essay for you Create order (2013) helped a male bottlenose dolphin to remove foreign objects from its forestomach, and they found that The foreign bodies included a 10— 3.5 cm plastic tube, 4—2.0 cm stainless steel pipe, brush, and concrete debris (p. 251). Consequently, the species of dolphin are significant by man-made marine litters. Hence, marine debris as one of the chemical pollutions poses a real threat to dolphins lives because serious issues such as suffocation, intestinal blockage, and internal injury are caused by ingestion of plastic litters and entanglement by packaging. On the other hand, some individuals challenge that environmental pollutions actually do not have a significantly negative effect on dolphins because of two main reasons. First, lots of scientific studies about how environmental pollutions affect dolphins population are not optimal. For instance, some factors that would impact the results are not being quantified in the study of oil spills (Pitchford et al., 2018, p. 16). Additionally, the statistics are not sufficient because such data are rather difficult to collect. Durante et al. (2016) write that there is solely a low number of samples available (P. 358 ). Follett, Genschel, and Hofmann (2014) say that reliable conclusions cannot be drawn based on inadequate data and limited knowledge although oil discharge leads to huge destruction (p. 130). Scientists have to examine the death of many animals to confirm the cases that animals died due to environmental pollutions (Follett et al., 2014, p. 130). In other words, humans do not know indeed have no adequate information about how animals died is linked to environmental pollution since checking the actual cause of a large number of animals death is quite challenging. Hence, the limitation of some scientific researches and the lack of data are the two reason why some individuals reject that dolphins are significantly harmed by environmental pollutions. Nevertheless, there is compelling evidence showing that environmental pollutions have an adverse impact on food chain and ecosystems. Follett et al. (2014) write that oil spills can grow bacteria and kill smaller animals like shrimps that are the sources of food to dolphins although oil spills may not directly kill dolphin populations (p. 122). It means that oil and chemical spills obviously result in habitat destruction to dolphins and increase the risk that dolphins have diseases. More importantly, Holt et al. (2015) study a pair of bottlenose dolphins at the lab and conclude that the louder dolphins phonate, the more oxygen and energy they need. Then Holt and her colleagues apply the uniform method to calculate how many extra calories wild dolphins have to get to compensating the extra consumption of energy, and they estimate dolphins need to obtain two extra calories for every two minutes (p. 1650). Though this extra metabolic cost is not huge, the consumption of energy will be come quite large through accumulation over time. Meanwhile, not all dolphins enable find sufficient foods, especially for juveniles and pregnant females. Thus, environmental pollutions indeed have an obviously dramatic effect on dolphins populations. To conclude, environmental pollutions significantly harm the species of dolphins because of the three reasons. Chemical pollutions enable toxins and poisons enter dolphins bodies and destroy their reproductive and immune systems. Through injuring dolphins auditory system and disrupting the communication, dolphins health is impaired by noise pollution, and dolphins normal behaviors are changed by noise as well. Marine debris threat dolphins life by raising the risk that dolphins ingest litters or be entangled by plastic bags, which leads to severely consequent problems such as obstruction of the digestive system and asphyxia. Each person, every organization, and all countries ought to should the responsibility to tackle environmental pollution and protect dolphins. Humans should take actions immediately before environmental pollutions result in more seriously irreversible damage to dolphins.

Surviving the Cold War Free Essays

When America dropped a bomb on Japan in 1945 it marked the end of World War 2 and the beginning of the Cold War. The government urged citizens to be prepared for the worst; an atomic bomb. It was a time of extreme fear. We will write a custom essay sample on Surviving the Cold War or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a time to take measures in your own hands to protect your family. As head of my household during the cold war it would be hard not to fall pray to the constant propaganda of the day. Since any above ground post atomic attack survival strategies would be futile; efforts would be made for an underground or bunker survival. I would build a shelter at least four levels deep underground. The engineering behind this structure would have to be well thought out. Things like radiation resistant paint would be carefully considered. Every minor detail would be planned out before taking on construction. The creation of a survival plan would be part of the essential strategy. This would be rehearsed on a regular basis so in the event, things would operate smoothly. Each member of the family would be charged with specific duties, to avoid any confusion and chaos. It would be practiced routinely so that it becomes second nature. In order to survive extended periods of time in a confined space your basic requirements must be met. The storage of water and food would be priority. I would try to build a tank that could hold at least a thousand gallons of water; as for food as many dried and can goods as possible. There would be no such thing as too much. My goal would be to have enough resources to last a year. I would make sure we had adequate power supply with back up generators and batteries for a year. Having an extensive first aid kit would be fundamental, in case of minor injuries and exposure to hazardous materials. Another key strategy would be secrecy. Information about the family bunker and supplies would not be shared with neighbors or any other non family members. I feel this is imperative for our survival. If the news of our location was shared with people our survival would be compromised because of having to share our resources and limited space. Finally the need for information would be a central motivator for reading the paper and watching the news reports about nemy operations and threats against the homeland. Keeping abreast of the news would let me know if it is safe to go outside or not. If we are expecting anymore bomb treats and generally what’s going on in the world around us. In any society that lives under fear, it is extremely important to be informed. Being prepared as best as possible would be your only chance for survival. Throughout history mankind have engaged in wars and I firmly believe that like them, we too; are resilient and can survive with the right preparations. How to cite Surviving the Cold War, Essay examples

Terrorism and Political Violence-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp

Question: How has Political Violence Changed through History? Answer: Introduction Politics has been related to violence since time immemorial. Many kingdoms have been established on the basis of political propaganda which contained basic ingredient of violence. Political violence mainly revolves around waging Wars for political gains and to stay in power. It is the most immaculate and tested instrument to establish political superiority. In the following essay discussion on the changing characteristics of political violence show history will be done (Della Porta, 2014). The changing trend of political violence can be seen through the lens of modernization democratization globalization and last but not the least on the basis of religion. These innuendos have seen it through the entire evolution of political violence through time. History has witnessed many wars which were started due to political reasons but ended up in unimaginable state of violence and chaos. So many prominent examples of political violence can be illustrated by the event of Holocaust before Second World War Holy crusades which was based purely on religious causes and their political propaganda. But in the modern world the political propaganda of violence has shifted to economic gains from political and administrative superiority which was the main reason of violence in the mediaeval era (Lakitsch, 2015).The following essay comprises of the change in the nature of political violence and its evolution through the political ambitions of modern day rulers. The essay discussion also contains the modern definition of political violence and the difference between previous agendas and the new reasons. The following essay is a comprehensive discussion on political violence. Modernization Starting from the mediaeval era modernization has been a cause of concern for the people in power who had complete control over the resources and the machinery. Modernization or thought and opportunities made people think on modern lines and most importantly about themselves and their overall growth and development (Amodio et al., 2017). This made the capitalists weak as their hold on the people started to loosen because people who were their peasants broke the shackles of bonded labor and started to earn for their own. This caused a political turmoil in that era which forced the capitalists to oppress and suppress the modernization of mentality and thought through the method of violence. During the industrial revolution and a decade after that there were many cases of execution and burning of villages in the entire Europe (Anthony Robison, 2017). This was the direct effect of modernization which caused political violence. Modernization caused enhancement of educational practices am ong the people who were previously ignorant and uneducated about the political system in which they were living. Education gave them the seat at the table which belonged to their Masters (Antonello, 2017). Realization of the level of oppression gave birth to the need of radical change which was done through violent rebellions. It was an after effect of political violence which was the root cause of these modern day revolts. Formation of political parties and groups for the purpose of fighting against the system gave rise to the system of violence from both sides which were unilateral before. There were many sentiments which developed in the advent of these events such as nationalization and secularization (Bauer et al., 2017). Political Violence in Early Twentieth Century As stated above violence has always been the brainchild of politics and in some way it is a requirement to fulfill political ambitions of people and of a nation taken collectively. In the early 20th century the two world wars which took place, because of the huge political ambitions of powerful nations and there rulers. The reason of occurrence of the First World War was territorial Supremacy and administrative authority over land (Cummings et al. 2017). The amount of violence which took place during the time of First World War was something which was not witness before in history. The consequences of War are as always destruction and chaos with loss of lives and money. Some parties became victorious and some countries what destroyed and doomed due to the prolonged violence. The loss of infrastructure and economy for many countries usually made their people rebellious and made another war imminent (Diprose, 2017). The effect of political violence caused during the First World War res ulted in the occurrence of the Second World War which was more brutal and inhuman than the former one. Violence makes innocent people rebellious as they are left with no choice then to avenge their loss. To make any revolt successful political base is required to move people and to convince them for the cause. It is very ironical but people tend to risk their lives for the political ambitions of few misguided leaders. There are many tools with which these political innuendos and induced in the minds of the masses who get easily seduced to the charm and charisma of violence (Gutirrez-Sann et al., 2017). Political Violence and Its Course through History Violence has been the cause of concern for the society since ancient times. There have been changed in trends in the types of violence in which political violence is considered to be the most detrimental factor and the most efficient one to create chaotic situations (Bell, 2017). Wars and events of violence in ancient history and even in the mediaeval history assorted in the pages of history for which the reasons were political dominance, occupation of territory, geographical superiority of land and its resources, ethnic and cultural diversity of people, ambition of the rulers and vague personal reasons. But as the modernization took place the trend of political violence shifted from territorial supremacy towards economic and political ambitions which were believe to be more realistic and far-fetched then just having the command over resources (Lynch Argomaniz, 2017).Due to the political violence under development of many countries in many parts of the world have happened. But when the contemporary world is taken into consideration it has been observed that the incidences of political violence have been decreased since the Second World War. After the cold war these incidents of political violence which happened from time to time also fell sharply. The entire world is looking towards peace and conflict resolving methods for which many International organizations have been set up who are the guardians and protectors of peace and to avoid and mitigate political violence across the world (McCleery Edwards, 2017).When compared to the number of incidences political violence in ancient and mediaeval history it is observed that in the contemporary world the reasons and the number of incidences have changed quite a lot. But one thing stays common which is the reason of economic superiority. In the older times political violence was an instrument of rich and capable countries who maintained their own Armies to show their dominance of power and their political ambitions (Rak, 2017). Violence was done to suppress rebellions and Conquer territories. But on the contrary in the contemporary world political violence has become a tool of the weakened Nations full ac in resources man artillery. The main reasons of violence in these countries are the resources of survival such as food water oil and environmental factors. It has been observed that not only the kind of conflicts but also the number of incidences have declined after the Second World War (Reimann, 2017). Political violence incidents which were termed as extra systemic which was originally the violent struggles of decolonization became a thing of the 1970s. Recently it has been observed that the interstate conflicts and its incidents have drastically reduced. On the contrary the number of civil conflicts which became an international political violence incident has grown since the unfortunate event of 9/11. In recent years all the political violence incidents have been internationalized (Diprose, 2017).Previously political violence was executed through proxy Wars conflict traps and other instruments of violence which were centralized and were monitored through capable government institutions. All these reasons were somewhat politically?motivated and had political and economic implications (Sageman, 2017). But after the end of cold war era , terrorism and extremism has taken the space of older instruments of political violence. Terrorism in the name of religious causes had been in vogue since last two decades which had caused unfathomable loss of life and infrastructure all around the globe. Changing Methods and Trends of Political Violence Trends of political violence and the types of conflicts which can be distinguished by forms after ideological base and the nature of mobilization, characteristics of warfare and the length of their external influence have changed with the time(Cummings et al., 2017).Some of these political violence execution methods have been illustrated below which have changed their nature through history. Proxy Wars: During the time of cold war era the eastern and the western countries favored many nations in which some fought due to the conflicts and had Advisors arms and ammunitions and funds. These small and big countries aimed to acquire a particular country to have it on their side. Some of the examples can be seen in the wars of Central America, Afghanistan, Mozambique and Vietnam (Della Porta, 2014). Wars in some of these countries ended with the cold war but in countries like Afghanistan political violence continued and gained a shape of its own. Proxy conflicts of new variety came into existence as a war against the terrorist organizations. It can be exemplified by the US counter insurgency operations which took place in the Muslim countries like Philippines (Lakitsch, 2015). These proxy conflicts were originally started to suppress the secessionist Muslim terrorist organizations and proxy Nations like Taliban in Pakistan. Military Interventions: Military intervention was the most basic and prominent tool for political violence execution in previous days. But after the cold war era this method of political intervention has only been used frequently by the western countries like US. Military intervention in Afghanistan and in Iraq are some of the examples of political violence execution done by a military superpower to fulfill its own political and economic ambitions (Anthony Robison, 2017).One example of such military intervention can be observed in Cambodia where Vietnam invaded the country for political and strategic reasons. Ideological Wars: Political wars which are based on ideological grounds and had Revolutionary impact over the citizens of a country targeted to disturb the peace of a nation and to overturn the order which is previously established. Some of these ideological wars can be exemplified by the Cambodian conflict, war in Peru, Maoist rebellion in Nepal and same type of conflict in Syria which was to establish Sharia law (Antonello, 2017). Wars for Independence: Wars which were waged for independence of a nation and autonomy is the most naive form of political violence. With the advent of modernization many country in the world which were a military superpower fought for their Independence and establishment of democracy and republicanism. Although the violence was politically motivated it was for the greater good of the country (Amodio et al., 2017).Some examples of the countries where war for independence was fought Ethiopia, Sri Lanka, Russia, Spain, Philippines, South Sudan and Nigeria. Wars for Political Supremacy: Wars based on the reason of retaining a political supremacy and to acquire it has been political violence tool which has affected many specific cultures, religions and ethnicity. Some of these kinds of wars had started from small conflict between coalition groups and ethnic groups which took shape of huge wars in later days (Gutirrez-Sann et al., 2017).Countries which have experienced these kinds of wars are Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and Northern Ireland. Explanation of Political Violence Political violence has some motivational factors which drives it towards execution. Some of the factors are discussed below. Group Motivation Political violence is different from criminal violence which induced buy a common sentiment of people who are in power and who seek authoritative control over a particular region. People of that specific area are grouped on the basis of ethnicity or religion or a common sentiment of a country. Then in that case the political motives of these groups are stated as group motives political violence (Rak, 2017). Since each group is categorized ant responds to a common banner the political conflict is against a common enemy which makes people politically connected to each other and to Resort to violent means to gain Independence and liberation. Some examples of these group motivations as a reason of political violence were observed in the countries of Bosnia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Philippines, Burundi and Northern Ireland (Sageman, 2017). Private Motivation People who fight for their personal and private gains and ambitions have been mostly observed to have economic reasons to practice political violence. Terrorism is the best example of this kind of political violence in which people are categorized who have common economic or religious interest (Altier et al., 2013). In this type of political violence young and uneducated man are hired as mercenaries and they are deployed as soldiers seek an opportunity to loot and plunder some specific resource rich areas to gain monetary benefits by selling the loot. This kind of political violence has been observed in countries where there is lack of employment opportunities, natural resources and low possibilities of income (Antonello, 2017). The entire Central African region is affected by this kind of political violence where basic needs of sustainability such as food and water are in a very limited quantity. Failure of Social Contract Another reason of political violence can be stated as the failure of social machinery of a country. People who have grievances to the government offer country and have ill thoughts for its political machinery Resort to violent means to and the reign of that government (Della Porta, 2014). Dictatorship is the most common type of government where this kind of political violence is seen to happen. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded from the above discussion that political violence has been a part and parcel of the international and world affairs which can be observed throughout history. Every era has been affected by the notion of political violence no matter what the reason was for the execution of this instrument of dominance. The reasons of political violence vary through time and place across the world as the situations and scenarios differed. Leaders of particular countries having different status in the world have resorted to different methods of political violence as they seemed convenient and so necessary. In the contemporary world the nature of political violence and its reasons have modified from the previous ones but the main theme remains the same as the establishments of political agendas are still there. From the above discussion it can be concluded that how the modernization has changed the status of political violence and what were the factors which proved to be detrimen tal to the peace and stability of the respective country where political violence was resorted to. With changing time the instruments of political violence also upgraded itself from just being proxy Wars to military interventions, being ideologically motivated which sometimes led to wars of independence. In recent years the motivational factor of political violence has evolved to be motivated by group, motivated by individual ambitions and failure of state machinery. It can be summed up that political violence is an unending phenomenon. References Altier, M., Martin, S., Weinberg, L. (2013). Introduction to the Special Issue on Violence, Elections, and Party Politics.Terrorism And Political Violence,25(1), 1-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2013.733241 Amodio, F., Di Maio, M., Baccini, L. (2017). Security, Trade, and Political Violence. Anthony, R. M., Robison, K. K. (2017). Forced urbanisation: A cross-national assessment of the effects of intranational political violence on a nations largest cities.Urban Studies, 0042098017722737. Antonello, P. (2017).Imagining terrorism: the rhetoric and representation of political violence in Italy 1969-2009. Routledge. Bauer, V., Ruby, K., Pape, R. (2017). Solving the Problem of Unattributed Political Violence.Journal of Conflict Resolution,61(7), 1537-1564. Bell, J. B. (2017).Assassin: Theory and practice of political violence. Routledge. Croicu, M., Kreutz, J. (2017). Communication Technology and Reports on Political Violence: Cross-National Evidence Using African Events Data.Political research quarterly,70(1), 19-31. Cummings, E. M., Merrilees, C., Taylor, L. K., Goeke-Morey, M., Shirlow, P. (2017). Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence.Development and psychopathology,29(1), 27-36. Della Porta, D.(2014) Clandestine political violence. Diprose, R. (2017). The Body and Political Violence.Body/Self/Other: The Phenomenology of Social Encounters, 21. Gutirrez-Sann, F., Wood, E. J. (2017). What Should We Mean by Pattern of Political Violence? Repertoire, Targeting, Frequency, and Technique.Perspectives on Politics,15(1), 20-41. Kaplan, J., Costa, C. (2013). On Tribalism: Auxiliaries, Affiliates, and Lone Wolf Political Violence.Terrorism And Political Violence,26(1), 13-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.849907 Lakitsch, M.(2015)Political power reconsidered. Lynch, O., Argomaniz, J. (2017). Victims of terrorism and political violence: identity, needs, and service delivery in Northern Ireland and Great Britain.Terrorism and political violence,29(3), 464-482. McCleery, M., Edwards, A. (2017). The 1988 murders of Corporal David Howes and Corporal Derek Wood: a micro dynamic analysis of political violence during the Northern Ireland conflict.Critical Military Studies, 1-19. Noyes, J. (2013).The politics of iconoclasm. London: I.B. Tauris. Rak, J. (2017). Dealing with Trauma Experience and Political Violence Memory. Reimann, A. (2017). Local Brawls and Global Confrontation: Transnational Political Violence among the Exiled Left in Mexico City during 1943.Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research,23(1), 1-17. Sageman, M. (2017).Turning to Political Violence: The Emergence of Terrorism. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Successful Strategic Human Resource Planning

Reagan Essays - United States Presidential Inaugurations

Reagan Essays - United States Presidential Inaugurations Reagan I am going to talk of controversial things. I make no apology for this. It's time we asked ourselves if we still know the freedoms intended for us by the Founding Fathers. James Madison said, We base all our experiments on the capacity of mankind for self government. This idea? that government was beholden to the people, that it had no other source of power is still the newest, most unique idea in all the long history of man's relation to man. This is the issue of this election: Whether we believe in our capacity for self-government or whether we abandon the American Revolution and confess that a little intellectual elite in a far-distant capital can plan our lives for us better than we can plan them ourselves. You and I are told we must choose between a left or right, but I suggest there is no such thing as a left or right. There is only an up or down. Up to man's age-old dream-the maximum of individual freedom consistent with order or down to the ant heap of totalitarianism. Regardless of their sincerity, their humanitarian motives, those who would sacrifice freedom for security have embarked on this downward path. Plutarch warned, The real destroyer of the liberties of the people is he who spreads among them bounties, donations and benefits. The Founding Fathers knew a government can't control the economy without controlling people. And they knew when a government sets out to do that, it must use force and coercion to achieve its purpose. So we have come to a time for choosing. Public servants say, always with the best of intentions, What greater service we could render if only we had a little more money and a little more power. But the truth is that outside of its legitimate function, government does nothing as well or as economically as the private sector. Yet any time you and I question the schemes of the do-gooders, we're denounced as being opposed to their humanitarian goals. It seems impossible to legitimately debate their solutions with the assumption that all of us share the desire to help the less fortunate. They tell us we're always against, never for anything. We are for a provision that destitution should not follow unemployment by reason of old age, and to that end we have accepted Social Security as a step toward meeting the problem. However, we are against those entrusted with this program when they practice deception regarding its fiscal shortcomings, when they charge that any criticism of the program means that we want to end payments.... We are for aiding our allies by sharing our material blessings with nations which share our fundamental beliefs, but we are against doling out money government to government, creating bureaucracy, if not socialism, all over the world. We need true tax reform that will at least make a start toward I restoring for our children the American Dream that wealth is denied to no one, that each individual has the right to fly as high as his strength and ability will take him.... But we can not have such reform while our tax policy is engineered by people who view the tax as a means of achieving changes in our social structure.... Have we the courage and the will to face up to the immorality and discrimination of the progressive tax, and demand a return to traditional proportionate taxation? . . . Today in our country the tax collector's share is 37 cents of -very dollar earned. Freedom has never been so fragile, so close to slipping from our grasp. Are you willing to spend time studying the issues, making yourself aware, and then conveying that information to family and friends? Will you resist the temptation to get a government handout for your community? Realize that the doctor's fight against socialized medicine is your fight. We can't socialize the doctors without socializing the patients. Recognize that government invasion of public power is eventually an assault upon your own business. If some among you fear taking a stand because you are afraid of reprisals from customers, clients, or even government, recognize that you are just feeding the crocodile hoping

Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture - Essay Example h disparities in the Muslim culture are the same as those that affect other people, but they require a different approach in some forms of treatment so that they adhere to their beliefs. Today, Muslims approach healthcare in different ways, for example, those in the rural areas are deeply rooted in their beliefs, and they do not accept western medicine. They prefer to use traditional medicines in the event that someone is sick. Today, there are traditional healers who use still use the mixture of Quran and other traditional healing techniques like herbs for treatment. Some of them use superstitious practices, and this goes against their beliefs. However, some have adapted to the western medicines, but they require certain values to be followed. They believe in preventive measures since they believe that Allah did not create any disease. They look into their religious, social heritage when using any form of treatment. They have celebrated dates such as Eid Fitr and Eid Adha, and medical practitioners need to consider these dates. For example, their diet requires exceptional care since they are not permitted to feed on pork. Medical practitioners need to ensure that their medicines and food are free from pork supplements. The gap in Muslims that hinders their healthcare is the strict following of the Quran. Cases have been reported where people die since the writings in the Quran do not allow a certain procedure. I believe that they should typify flexibility in their treatment so that medical practices are efficient. Therefore, healthcare providers need to understand beliefs of different cultures so that treating them conform s to their beliefs hence improving health

Employability and Consulting Skills - reflective report Essay

Employability and Consulting Skills - reflective report - Essay Example 6). If urgent feedback from the team members was required, I would have used face to face communication as it is more sufficient and effective. The second important step is to distribute the meeting agenda and the goals of the meeting in advance. As a team leader, I decided to come up with the meeting structure which will clearly stipulate the expected result from the meeting and ways that will be used to make the meeting more productive. Stating the goals of a meeting helps the individuals whom are expected to attend the meeting to know what is expected of them (Enduring Ideas: The 7-S Framework Podcast 2008, p. 8). This will be achieved by the team leader writing the agenda. The third step that a team leader should consider while planning for a meeting to own the meeting and keeping the meeting moving ahead. Productive meetings are as a result of good leadership. As the team leader taking control of the meeting and expressing my intention of making the meeting to keep on moving with successful, timely and with relevant discussions was important. The meeting leader should show the other team members that he values their time during the discussion. He can do this by making sure that there is a clock or a timer that is visible to all those engaged in the meeting (Cross et al 2006, p. 11). The leader should also ensure that the schedule is maintained by ensuring that the topic of discussion is well maintained. So as to get some constructive and positive inputs from the meeting, two way communications was important to me as it helped in raising honest inputs from every team member. Everyone was also given equal opportunity to express their views and to be heard. It was also important for me to avoid emphasizing on my view as this will prevent the group consensus. Failure to build up a group consensus can make the team

Indias Handicraft Industry: Overview and Analysis

Indias Handicraft Industry: Overview and Analysis The industry chosen is the handicraft industry and the reasons for selecting the same are as follow: Indias art and craftsmanship is considered to be the best in the world. Abundant skilled labour in the industry (approximately 41 lakhs).   Raw materials for most arts and crafts are available locally. Possess a variety of crafts ranging from art metal ware to bamboo and jute products. Wave of oriental fashion Huge potential with large retail chains Tourism being seen as a vehicle of growth Owing to lack of or inadequate data and information on world production and import of handicrafts, it is difficult to make an exact assessment of the size of the global market for handicrafts. Handicrafts accounting for the world imports consist of both genuine handmade handicrafts and similar machine made substitutes. The handicrafts sector is dominated by the imports of works of art, carpets and wood wares followed by basket wares, embroidery and the base metal decorative articles. The Handicrafts sector is one of the star performers among the thrust products identified by the Government of India for export promotion and growth. As a result, exemption is given on sales tax and incentives are given on power connection etc. The business is to be located in Rajasthan. Business Opportunities in Rajasthan Rajasthan is the most preferred State for investments in certain sectors. Easy availability of raw resources and skilled labour, makes it the natural choice for handicraft based industries. Tourism is a thriving and vibrant industry in Rajasthan. The State attracts one third of the tourists coming into India. The flourishing tourism industry helps the development of handicraft industry simultaneously because of the variety and quality of products and the demand in the international and domestic market. This location has been selected due to the following reasons: Availability of raw materials and skilled labor in Rajasthan Land is cheap Water not required for manufacturing process. Abu road is an industrial area and is located close to Mount Abu which is a famous tourist destination Heavy influx of tourists every year at Mount Abu Has a lake called Nakki Lake which can fulfill the minimal water  requirements Elements of the marketing strategy The target market: The company plans to reach the middle class and the upper middle class of the society. Market segmentation: After identifying the target market the company will be manufacturing and developing products that appeal to that section of market. Mass production: The company will have a single marketing plan to mass-produce the products at the plant located in Rajasthan. The four Ps of marketing mix includes product, price, promotion and place. The following shows how the company is planning to use the marketing mix to promote and sell the products. a. Product mix Variety: There will be a lot of variety in the products in terms of design, colour etc. There will be items like bracelets, anklets, necklaces, rings etc. from which anything can be selected by the customer according to his or her choice or need. Quality: The quality of the products will be superior and of international standards as the company will also be exporting them. Design: There will be a variety of designs in each category of jewellery. Sizes: The products will be available in different sizes and shapes as per the specification of the clients and also according to the demand. Features: Guaranteed and unbreakable beads and stones of different colours, different sizes and shapes for all occasions and for all age groups will be one of the companys USPs. Brand name: The brand name of our company is Fine Jewels collection Packaging: The jewellery will be given in small velvet pouches with the brand name on it. This will be given in case of rings, bracelets etc. In case of necklaces and in case of big items, velvet boxes will be given. Services: Services like after sales services will be provided to the clients and if there is any defect or fault in the product it would be repaired or replaced free of cost. b. Price mix List price: The prices of are products will be given on the list .i.e. is when they are sold directly to the retail outlet they are priced according to the list price. Discounts: Special cash discounts will be given to our clients and also discounts for bulk purchases to retailers. Payments: Cheque, credit cards as well as cash payment will be the accepted modes of payment. Credit cards will be useful in case of international transactions. Credit terms: Credit facility of 15 days will be given on purchases only to our retailers. c. Promotion mix Advertising: Product advertisements will be given in local newspapers, distribution of pamphlets and through word-of-mouth awareness. Advertisements will also be given on radio but after one or two years. Sales focus: Sales focus will be on all age groups and towards the middle class and the upper middle class of the society. Direct market: Some of the products will directly be sold to the market. Our main outlets will be in Mumbai and Rajasthan. d. Place mix Channels: The different channels which will be used by the company are retail outlets and through different distributors and also by export. The products will also be displayed in exhibitions. Coverage: The coverage area would be mainly exporting outside India to different countries, as well as Mumbai and Rajasthan. Location: The location will be two outlets in Mumbai, one outlet in Rajasthan. And others will be exported to different countries. Handicrafts are exported to more than 100 countries. There is a great gap between demand and supply in countries like USA, Singapore and Malaysia. Hence, there is always a need for new entrants to fill this gap. The reasons for the outlet at Mumbai are as follows: Mumbai is the fashion capital of India. The target market for our product is the upper middle class and middle class. Products are designed keeping the target customer in mind. Mumbai has the highest number of shoppers in India Competitor Analysis Competition is generally from developing nations like Indonesia and China. The major competition is from Far Eastern countries. In such countries, competitors generally resort to mass producing goods in order to cut costs. Countries like China also resort to dumping of cheap goods into economies. This leads to serious losses for Indian small scale industries are such cheap mass-market goods eat into the still dormant domestic market of handicrafts in India. There are also issues like use of child labour in India and strict labour laws abroad which might restrict exports to some countries. However, Fine Jewels will ensure theses things are considered before going into production. Organisation Structure The business as mentioned earlier will have six partners. The structure will be a flat one. They will be equal partners who will bring in the capital necessary for the starting of business. The financial projections are already given above regarding the use of the initial capital. The partners will look and run the business in equal measure. Financial Projections Amount of Capital Required The initial investment of the firm is proposed to be Rs. 22 lacs. The company being involved in the handicraft products has no investment to make in plant and machinery.   Generation of Capital The required capital is being partly brought in by six partners and partly being arranged from the bank. The partners contribution is Rs 2,00,000 each that is in all RS. 12,00,000 are brought by the partners. The remaining 10,00,000 is taken from the bank as Working Capital loan. Utilization of Capital The capital will be utilized in the following ways: Investment in Land Building admeasuring 1200 Sq ft (3040) is Rs 11,00,000/- Investment in Furniture Fixture Rs 2,00,000/- Tools Equipments Rs 5,000/- Working Capital Rs 8,95,000/- Finance Charges Interest will be paid at the rate of 10% p.a., to the bank, i.e. 1,00,000 p.a., as finance charges. No interest is given to the partners for their capital investment in the Company. Since we produce 1660 units per month we can achieve Break Even Point in 8.33 month (1660 x 8.33 = 13831 units). This is because by that time we will have reached the necessary target of production for the break even Key Workers: Affordable Housing Challenges Key Workers: Affordable Housing Challenges Abstract Affordable housing in London is an issue which affects many individuals and the problem of affordable housing in London is particularly of concern to poorer sectors within London and those in low paid employment (Greater London Authority (2005) 1) (Pacione, M. (1997) 8) and (Greater London Authority (2006) 1). This is a situation which remains unchanged by the fact that there are schemes in place which purport to ameliorate the problems relating to affordable housing experienced by many people living and working in London (Rugg, R. (1999) 19-20). Schemes such as the Key Worker Living scheme which is administered through the offices of the Deputy Prime Minister, the Teachers Housing Association Scheme and London Strategic Housing have been targeted specifically at key workers who experience housing needs in London. However, although the government have made many housing provisions for London based key workers, the problem remains that these provisions arguably do not extend far enough . Specifically, it may be argued that the definition of what a key worker is is perhaps too narrow. It may also be argued that those who fall outside the definition of key worker, but nevertheless experience housing problems are being let down by the government, principally because many of them simply do not qualify for the schemes which have been mentioned above. These arguments will be put forward and evaluated in this paper. The paper will also consider the definition of what a key worker is and how it may not be an adequate definition, given that it is arguably not wide enough. The discussion on the definition of what a key worker is will lead the writer into a wider discussion of whether there is any real need to continue to have a ‘key worker requirement’ to trigger the assistance which is available to those in need of housing support within London. The paper will therefore consider wider economic, sociological and political factors in the analysis of what the gov ernment is doing to help those people who do not qualify as key workers but still cannot afford to live in London and will employ a qualitative, evaluative methodology in doing so. What is the definition of a Key Worker? It is useful to define what is meant by a key worker as this will indirectly provide an indication of the categories of people who fall outside the definition, and assist the writer in determining what the government is doing to help those people who do not qualify as key workers but still cannot afford to live in London. A key worker is a difficult concept to define, since different schemes and housing provisions have differing interpretations of what a key worker may be. Therefore, what may be a key worker within one sphere of housing provision may not be considered a key worker within another. In light of this therefore, how may one go about defining what a key worker actually is? To define the concept of a key worker requires an analysis of all the schemes open to key workers and an analysis of exactly who is eligible for the schemes and why. An extrapolation of this analysis will provide clues as to the best way to approach the problem of defining what a key worker is. Therefore the best way to approach defining what a key worker is, is to identify tenets which are present within all the various interpretations of what a key worker actually is. It is arguable that there are three main tenets which one may identify as being ‘central’ to the concept of what a key worker is. These are as follows: that the worker is employed by the public sector; that the worker is in a frontline position performing a crucial public service and that the worker is in a sector where it is difficult to recruit and retain workers (Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) 1). Who is included within the definition? The people to whom the status of key worker is attributed to therefore must firstly be employed in the public sector dispensing essential services in a sector where there are problems with recruiting staff and retaining their services. Categorises of people who fulfil this criteria are: clinical staff employed by the NHS, for example nurses (doctors and dentists are excluded); teachers working in maintained primary and secondary educational institutions; police officers, community support officers and prison staff; uniformed staff in the fire and rescue services; probation officers and local authority employed staff (for example educational psychologists) (Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) 1). Perhaps it is also wise to comment on which workers may not fall within the definition. These sectors may include cleaning staff and support staff within teaching institutions and within other professions. Why assistance is particularly tied to the Key Worker Sector; and What is being done to assist those who are not Key Workers? The rationale behind tying housing assistance to key workers is built upon much common sense. It is sensible to ensure that workers who provide key services are encouraged to stay within key occupations that provide useful services to the general public. Perhaps the need for such a rationale can be brought more sharply into focus by considering what may occur if essential workers were ‘priced out of the market’. A scenario like this will deplete the services which are available to the entire population within a given area and would perhaps impact hospitals and schools in particular. It is plain to see therefore why housing assistance in terms of affordable housing is targeted at these sectors which may be described as containing key workers. However, there is also an argument to be made that these provisions are not enough, and that they fail to acknowledge the wider issue which is that affordable housing affects many individuals who fall outside the definition of a key worker (http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr//2/hi/programmes/moneybox/3572353.stm >>). The reality is that the problem of affordable housing is a pervasive one, and that most low income people living in London are affected by the problem of affordable housing. However, as we have seen explained above, the definition of key worker is quite a narrow construction. Therefore professions such as cleaners and some categories of support staff typically have low incomes but do not meet the criteria which are prescribed to give them key worker housing assistance. The services which these groups provide are indeed essential; they help to support the day to day running of essential services and are therefore crucial to the lives of all of those living in London. It seems logical therefore that such individuals should be given the same levels of support that key workers are given when it comes to the issue of affordable housing. As we have seen explained above, the reality is very different, and critics of the fact that just key workers qualify for many schemes to provide housing support point to the actual need experienced by the individuals involved; not just to the wider usefulness that housing support schemes may afford the general public (which is the justification for the linkage between some housing support and just key workers). However, is it the case whereby the government simply ignore the needs of those who do not qualify for housing assistance as they are not key workers? Clearly this is not the case. The government operate housing associations and special needs facilities for those individuals who have needs due to disability or poverty. Those who are on low incomes may qualify for the new tax credits schemes and indeed for rates relief or housing benefit to help lessen the effects of the affordable housing problem. In terms of specific housing provision, non key workers may take advantage of some Social Registered Landlord Schemes[1] which include Home Exchange and Right to Acquire Schemes. Other schemes include the Seaside and Country Homes initiative which involves the allocation of homes to those considered deserving (not necessarily key workers); the Homefinder Direct scheme which is similar to the Seaside and Country Homes scheme and the LAWN project which makes homes available to ethnic minoriti es (www.cityoflondon.gov.uk). These schemes are intended to assist all those in need of housing assistance and not always just key workers. Also, on a macro and political level the government have attempted to make better use of the space which is available to build affordable housing within London. This has involved the conversions of abandoned commercial sites for use as housing sites (Greater London Authority (2005) Section 5.4). This is intended to ensure that available space within London is used sensibly to help lessen the effects of shortages in housing building sites. Clearly this will be of long term assistance to both key workers and non key workers. On a macro level another example of the government’s efforts in this area is their current emphasis on building ‘sustainable urban environments’, an emphasis which is of benefit to all of those affected by the affordable housing problem, not just those considered to be key workers. The government has also conducted many research initiatives into identifying the root causes of affordable housing problems and aiming to eliminate them. Although these initiatives only address the needs of those affected by the affordable housing problem in an indirect sense, it is clear that the government’s efforts on a macro scale (Karn, V. and Wolman, H. (1992) Ch 1) are intended to help those key workers and those non key workers who are all affected by the affordable housing problem. The problem remains however, that non key workers simply do not get the levels of support that key workers may qualify for, in spite of the fact that perhaps both sectors are equally deserving. Therefore, would the problem of affordable housing be more fairly approached by simply abolishing the requirement for workers to qualify as key workers in order to qualify for housing support within London? Another approach would be to make it easier to fall within the definition of what a key worker is. The answer to these two suggestions is that perhaps there is an argument for this to be the case, but it must be counterbalanced against the fact that resources within this area are limited. It is inevitable that there will be a deserving case to be made for many third parties who do not fall within the current definition of what a key worker is and of course, it is the case that it is desirable for all of those who are in need to receive housing support. As we have seen explained above however, there is a cogent rationale for why support is targeted at the key worker sector in particular. Key workers provide valuable services to the entire community and to neglect them would be detrimental to the levels of available services which all those resident in London often depend upon. The reality is that limited resources have to be dissipated in ways that are prescriptive and designed to exclude some categories of people. This exclusion does not point to an idea that the excluded person is undeserving; instead it points to the fact that there are limited resources which have to be expended in a frugal manner. Bibliography Articles and Reports Department of Communities and Local Housing (2006) Key Worker Eligibility. Publisher: Wandsworth Council. Place of Publication: UK. Greater London Authority (2005) Housing in London: the London Housing Strategy Evidence Base 2005. Publisher: Greater London Authority. Place of Publication: London. Greater London Authority. (2006) London Futures. Publisher: Greater London Authority. Place of Publication: London. Books Karn, V. and Wolman, H. (1992) Comparing Housing Systems: Housing Performance and Housing Policy in the United States and Britain. Publisher: Oxford University. Place of Publication: Oxford. Pacione, M. (1997) Britains Cities: Geographies of Division in Urban Britain. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Rugg, R. (1999) Young People, Housing and Social Policy. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Websites http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/2/hi/programmes/moneybox/3572353.stm http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/our_services/residents_housing/housing_services/housing_advice_options/council_tenant/ct_fresh_start.htm 1 Footnotes [1] Also known as SRL schemes.

Virtue Theory

A Necessary, Modern Revision Aristotle studied and explained a wide range of subjects ranging from science to politics and is widely recognized as one of the greatest philosophers of all time. One of his most important contributions to the study of humanities is his exploration and definition of moral virtue. In his book, The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explains different views about the nature of life in order to allow the reader to find what the main function of life is and how to successfully perform that function.For example, Aristotle states in his first book, in article one, â€Å"every art and every investigation, and similarly every action and pursuit is considered to aim at some good. † Hence, Aristotle defines the â€Å"good† as that which all things should aim. However, what separates humans from other â€Å"things† is the fact that humans seek the good in order to achieve eudemonia, or happiness. In order to achieve this result, a human must functio n well, and would therefore be acting with rational activity.So, if a person performs the function of rational activity well, they have acted with moral reasoning, acting virtuously to achieve eudemonia. In summary, Aristotle believes the good, or virtue, is in a human’s self-interest because of the results it produces. However, I strongly believe that, to classical philosophers, achieving virtue was a broader concept that its modern connotation suggests.It is commonly known that certain theories can be considered obsolete over time if not restated in a modern day context, because as society advances, there is a need for theories and ideas to accommodate and make room for such changes in order to maintain their relevance So, in order to adapt Aristotle’s theory of the good, also known as Aristotle’s virtue theory, into modern day life, different theorists and philosophers became interested in reevaluating the theory and adding to it in order to achieve a success ful and newer theory for humans to consider.I want to discuss the most popular theories recreated from Aristotle’s virtue theory to prove that there is, in fact, a need to modernize and restate his original concept, there is not a need to disregard it or substantially add to it. I believe that his theory must simply be presented through a modern outlook to be used as a guideline as to how humans should act instead of a set group of rules that could possible contradict each other. There are many different theories to consider when trying to find the best adaptation of Aristotle’s virtue heory, they range from supplementary views to non-supplementary and non-criterialists. For example, Supplementalists such as James Rachels believe in supplementing Aristotle’s theory of the good with an independent theory of right action. Whereas, non-Supplementalists can be further split into criterialists such as Rosalind Hursthouse, who believes that happiness can be objective, and non-criterialists such as Julia Annas, who believes that virtue theory does not need any criteria of right action because a truly virtuous person would never get into a situation where a criteria of right action would be needed.These theories differ on core principles and methods of adaptation, some even disagree with parts of Aristotle’s theory; however, they all have some form of agreement with respect to Aristotle’s theory of the good and can be used to enhance it for its adaptation into modern day context. After my evaluations of each philosopher’s view points, I have found the most practical and least contradicting theory in Julia Annas’ essay, â€Å"Being Virtuous and Doing the Right Thing. † Her essay delves into not only the original concept of Aristotle’s virtue theory, but also discusses the consequences of abiding by those guidelines in modern day.Her theory allows Aristotle’s theory to remain intact, however she refre shes it to the modern connotation it needed to be more commonly accepted by today’s society. However, when looking at the other popular views, James Rachels’ provides a detailed argument vouching for his supplementalist view point on the theory of the good in his essay â€Å"The Ethics of Virtue. † In his opinion, Aristotle’s theory shows an excellent motivation for moral action and gives us a better perspective of our decisions by enabling a different method of weighing our action.Yet, he also states that through Aristotle’s theory alone, there would be no reason for individuals to think that characteristics are virtues rather than vices. For example, courage could be a vice because there is no basis for asserting that courage is a virtue. Second, he adds â€Å"it is difficult to see how unsupplemented virtue theory could handle cases of moral conflict† (Rachels 2). For example, honesty can conflict with kindness if a certain circumstance p resents itself. According o Rachels, a purely virtue-based morality must always be incomplete, since it could not by itself explain why certain character traits are not morally good and therefore, humans could never decipher if they are truly acting virtuously and experiencing eudemonia. In order to make such a distinction between what is and is not morally good, he concludes that a combined approach, supplementing Aristotle’s theory with an independent theory of right action, such as Kantianism or Utilitarianism, will allow for an adequate moral philosophy in modern day.However, there can be problems with supplementation because moral theories, such as Kantianism for example, suffer from the same problem of deciphering the conflict of virtues. Rachels evaluates a list of virtues such as benevolence, civility, fairness, justice and so on, describing them as traits of character that should be fostered in human beings. By doing so, he conveys to the reader the need for an indep endent theory of right action such as Kantianism to help distinguish whether or not it is a virtue or vice. However, he does not go into detail of the problems such independent theories of right action can run into.Say Rachels wants to supplement the virtue theory with kantianism, and a person posses the virtue of honesty, however, if that person were to be conflicted by Nazis asking where hidden refugees are, that person would have to tell the truth because that is what the â€Å"categorical imperative† deems. Therefore, supplementing the virtue theory proves unnecessary and contradicting when trying to maintain using the virtue theory in modern day. Next, I chose to compare a theory opposing the supplementalist view such as the non-supplementalist view that Rosalind Hursthouse agrees with in her essay â€Å"Virtue Theory and Abortion. However, she also adds a criterialist view point in that â€Å"an action is right, if and only if, it is what the virtuous agent would do i n the circumstance† (Hursthouse 225). In her paper, she primarily uses the example of abortion to demonstrate her criticism of the virtue theory and discuss what is needed to be applied to the theory for it to promote the correct virtuous answer in modern circumstances. She states that â€Å"virtue theory can’t get us anywhere in real moral issues because it’s bound to be all assertion and no argument Hursthouse 226),† therefore, she addresses the need for clear, virtuous guidance about what ought and ought not to be done when a person is stuck in a conflicting decision of virtues. In her example of a woman’s decision of whether or not to have an abortion, she emphasizes the necessity of that guidance. However, in the evaluation of Hursthouse’s paper, she states nine separate criticisms of virtue theory, demonstrating what she believes to be an inadequate grasp either of the structure of virtue theory or what would be involved in thinking abo ut a real moral issue in its terms.She clearly makes the point that Aristotle’s theory of the good does not allow for a blatant answer in circumstances in which a person could either only do wrong or face the decision of acting for the good of human kind or for their own self interest. But, what she does not grasp is the simple fact that a virtuous person would never be in such situations to begin with, as Julia Annas later states. Hursthouse’s example of abortion becomes invalid with the realization that a virtuous person would not have irresponsible sex to land herself in a situation of whether or not to have an abortion.She mostly disagrees with Aristotle’s overall concept; therefore, her need to recreate it in a more understandable method is diluted and consumed by her overall goal of asserting the need of a virtuous guidance for those stuck in unvirtuous situations. Julia Annas further addresses the contradictions Hursthouse makes in her essay â€Å"Being Virtuous and Doing the Right Things,† in that she does not follow the criterialist belief that Hursthouse believes is necessary to make the virtuous decision.As stated before, she uses the main contradiction that the circumstances where there is no right answer a virtuous person wouldn’t be in to begin with. Also, she believes that â€Å"we are not blank slates; we already have a firm views about right and wrong ways to act, worthy and unworthy ways to be (Annas 66),† and we become knowledgeable of what is right and wrong through a developmental process, not through some technical method of deciphering right from wrong. She believes that you become good at being virtuous the same way you become good in everything else, for example, in order be good at playing the piano, you must practice.Her statements help relate Aristotle’s virtue theory to those confused about how to apply it in everyday life. She is providing the excuse of instinct and development for the vagueness of his original theory in order to make it more practical and achievable for those wanting to act with virtue. Overall, Annas proves her view deliberately and assertively throughout her paper. It becomes apparent that becoming a virtuous person requires a developmental process much like other activities in life.Also, through defying other theories, such as Hursthouse’s, she shows how uncomplicated making a virtuous decision can be, instead of making such a decision seem unachievable and complicated in modern context. I agree with her statement that it is wrong to â€Å"force our everyday moral thoughts into a system of one-size-fits all kind, virtue ethics tells us to look elsewhere at what happens when we try to become a builder or pianist (Annas 73),† because I believe that is how I came to learn what was morally good, and how I am still learning what is right or wrong in today’s society.She revives Aristotle’s virtue theory for modern day by allowing its original vagueness to remain intact and not trying to rewrite the theory’s initial context, while at the same time describing it as more of a guideline for humans to live by and a way to improve practical judgment in everyday life. In conclusion, Annas’ non-supplementalist, non-criterialist outlook on Aristotle’s virtue theory provokes thought and consideration, but also relates to a reader, because if looked at closely, the virtuous developmental process can be easily recognizable in any reader’s childhood.Also, her analytical methods of revealing the problems in other theories help the reader to comprehend her theory easier. Annas leaves the reader stating â€Å"When it comes to working to find the right thing to do, we cannot shift the work to a theory, because we, unlike theories, are always learning, and so we are always learning and aspiring to do better (Annas 74). † Overall, Annas provides the best adaptation to Aristotleâ €™s theory of the good and provides a positive outlook on the methods of becoming virtuous without constraining the reader to believe that there is exact and deliberate steps a human must make in order to gain eudemonia.Her revision allows Aristotle’s concept to live on into modern day, and thus provides a well-rounded and current guideline to the betterment of today’s society. Works Cited Annas, Julia. â€Å"Being Virtuous and Doing the Right Thing. † Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association (2004): 61-75. Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics. 325 B. C. Hursthouse, Rosalind. â€Å"Virtue Theory and Abortion. † Philosophy and Public Affairs 20. 3 (1991): 223-246. Rachel, James. â€Å"The Ethics of Virtue. † 1996. Norman R. Shultz. November 2010 .

Impact of Economic Factors on Engagement with Pro-Environmental Measures

THE ENVIRONMENT Introduction: On most occasions, conservationist, and authorities bureaus tell us on the benefits of conserving the environment. This is because the universe is witnessing a series of environmental devastations, which range from devastation of woods, pollution of rivers, lakes and air. People argue that it is of import to continue the environment because they play a large function in prolonging the lives of persons. For illustrations, trees help in the formation of rainfall, which is an indispensable demand for agribusiness to last. Forests are natural home grounds of animate beings, and on this footing, destructing woods, will intend the devastation of wild animate beings. This in bend will interrupt the environmental eco-system ( Brooks, 2010 ) . Despite the importance of conserving the environment, most people still prosecute in its devastation. The grounds advanced for their engagement in destructing the environment are, poorness, population growing, and hunt of income. This paper identifies the grounds as to why people still prosecute in the devastation of the environment, despite the of import function that the environment plays in our society. Search for beginnings of income/ gross: Search for beginnings of gross and income is one of the major factors that lead to the devastation of the environment. Take for illustration oil geographic expedition and excavation is a factor that makes people to destruct the environment ( Tisdell, 2005 ) . Oil is an of import natural resource that all most all the economic systems of the universe demand. Oil is needed to drive the transit industry, which is indispensable for the growing of a country’s economic system ( Leydesdorff, 2007 ) . Oil plays a large function in using 1000000s of people all over the universe, and states such as Saudi-Arabia, Qatar, Libya, etc depend on oil production to prolong their economic systems. This is because oil is the major beginning of foreign gross for these states ( Tachibana, 2000 ) . It is of import to denote that oil geographic expedition and excavation play a great function in the devastation of the environment. Oil has the capableness of destructing the lives of animate beings, and human existences. Take for case the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill which was responsible for leaking about 60,000 barrels of oil into the ocean ( Harper and Fletcher, 2011 ) . This had an effecting of killing sea animate beings, which included mahimahis, sea polo-necks, giants, etc. This oil spill was chiefly caused because of oil geographic expedition by BP Oil Company. The ground of these geographic expeditions was to mine oil, for commercial intents. Petroleum companies are besides accused of dumping toxic oil wastes on nearby rivers and Waterss. This has a cause of fouling the environment, and destructing the lives of Marine animate beings populating in these H2O systems ( Imanaka, 1997 ) . Petroleum companies are commercial companies, whose chief purpose is to sale oil merchandises for intents of doing net incomes, and grosss. Income net incomes and gross is non merely restricted to oil geographic expedition, but besides to the devastation of woods, and killing of wild animate beings. For illustration, people cut down trees for intents of acquiring wood. Wood is used to do lumber, a resource that is used to fabricate chairs, and edifice of houses ( Colson, 2011 ) . These are for commercial intents. The violent death of wild animate beings is besides carried out for intents of doing gaining an income, and due to poverty. For illustration, poachers normally kill elephants and rhinos for their ivories, and horns. Elephant Ivories are ever sold in Asia, and are used as beauty merchandises, and for intents of doing medical specialty. The same happens to the horns that poachers get from rhinos. Population Growth: Population growing is besides another factor that deters the preservation of the environment ( Newing, 2010 ) . Because of population growing, world has been forced to look for other topographic points of abode ( Likar, 2011 ) . This will do them to unclutter and destruct woods, as a consequence taking to the devastation of trees, and break of the eco-system. As celebrated earlier, woods are home grounds of wild animate beings, and birds. Destroying woods will take to the decease of some of these animate beings, because they may non happen other home grounds. The devastation of woods is non the lone negative environmental harm that population growing causes. Due to the high figure of people, there is the overconsumption of natural resources such as H2O, oil, nutrient, and even land ( Imanaka, 1997 ) . This consequences to doing these resources scarce. Scarcity of these environmental resources might take to unhealthy competition amongst people, in order to entree the resources under consideration. Peoples besides emit waste merchandises, because of their ingestion activities. This includes H2O, and air pollutants, toxic waste stuff, extra foods, and green house gases. Waste substances such as untreated sewerage may take to the devastation of an individual’s wellness. Other waste merchandises, such as inordinate N have an impact of doing the blooming of algals, in H2O supplies. This will take to the depletion of O, taking to the decease of marine animate beings such as fish ( Calhoun, 2005 ) . To protect the environment by restricting the growing of the environment, states such as China have adopted the one kid policy. This is whereby all twosomes are forced to bear to give birth to merely one kid. India besides has such sort of a policy, and the chief purpose of presenting these types of policy is to cut down the population growing of persons(Environmental issues. 2010 ). There has besides been some unreal method of commanding population growing, and this includes the usage of household planning methods ( Chancellor, 2009 ) . As a method of commanding the population growing in their states, authorities normally promote the usage of household planning methods. Poverty: Poverty is besides another factor that makes people to destruct the environment. In most states of the universe, specifically in the development states, there is the devastation of croping lands, dirt and woods because of over graze. These methods are ever efficient in commanding the population of a province, and therefore protecting an environment. As the growing rate of poorness additions, people destroy the environment faster, and more rapidly. The people over use the environment, such as dirt, land and woods, because they do non hold other beginnings of income, except by utilizing the natural resources under their range ( Harper and Fletcher, 2011 ) . It is of import to denote that because of poorness, the hapless will utilize the natural resources under their range for intents of fulfilling their footing demands. This will include fetching and utilizing firewood to cook, overdriving land for agricultural production, and usage of wild workss and H2O for medical specialty ( Canava ri and Food, 2002 ) . Poor people lack good and better instruction which can assist them to procure good occupations and beginnings of income. On this footing, they lack the quality of life that can do them to utilize electricity for cookery intents, or for other sectors of their domestic life ( Michna, 2010 ) . Electricity can assist in restricting the firewood concern that these people engage in. This is because persons will non depend on firewood as their beginnings of energy. To undertake poorness, the assorted authoritiess need to ordain policies aimed making employment, and bettering the instruction system of a province. The authorities can promote the usage of their trade accomplishments in assisting the hapless to gain income ( Hambler, 2004 ) . But this should happen in a mode that is suited for the saving of the environment. To cover with poorness, policies from the authorities are non sufficient. The authorities needs to spouse with private establishments and non-governmental organisations for intents of promoting them to educate people on the assorted ways of undertaking poorness ( Takeuchi, 2006 ) . This will be effectual because non-governmental organisations usually have an entree to the people, because of their grass root connexions. The hapless can be educated on the importance of continuing the environment ( Graetz, 2011 ) . This will do the hapless to hold knowledge on the benefits of the environment, doing them to utilize the natural resources under their range in a sustainable method. Decision: In decision, poorness, hunt for income, and population growing are some of the factors that encourage people non to prosecute in pro-environmental steps. As discussed in this paper, due to poverty, people will seek to unsuitably utilize the environment for intents of prolonging themselves. This includes film editing of woods for intents of acquiring lumber, over-using the land resource under their ownership, for agricultural intents, and over-grazing. However, with the usage of appropriate authorities policy, it is possible to cut down the degrees of poorness within a province. Search for income is another ground for depletion of the environment, and this usually takes the signifier of geographic expeditions and excavation. This is a really hard issue to work out, because authoritiess are ever in a quandary. That is, whether to halt the geographic expeditions or whether to go on with the geographic expeditions. Stoping the geographic expedition will intend losing a beginning of gross, while go oning with the geographic expedition will intend destructing the environment. Population growing on the other manus is easy to work out. All that a province demands to make is to make a policy restricting the figure of kids an person can give birth to. Mentions: Brooks, J. S. ( 2010 ) . Economic And Social Dimensions Of Environmental Behavior: Reconciliation Conservation And Development In Bhutan.Conservation Biology,24( 6 ) , 1499-1509. Calhoun, Y. ( 2005 ) .Conservation. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. Canavari, M. , & A ; Food, A. ( 2002 ) .Economic surveies on nutrient, agribusiness and the environment: Joint Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, Bologna, Italy, June 12- 14, 2001. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. Chancellor, D. ( 2009 ) .Food waste. London: Wayland. Colson, M. ( 2011 ) .The environment. Chicago, Ill. : Raintree. Environmental issues. ( 2010 ) . New Delhi: IFA Publications. Graetz, M. J. ( 2011 ) .The terminal of energy the unmaking of America ‘s environment, security, and independency. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Hambler, C. ( 2004 ) .Conservation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Harper, C. L. , & A ; Fletcher, T. H. ( 2011 ) .Environment and society: human positions on environmental issues( Canadian ed. ) . Toronto: Pearson Canada. Imanaka, T. ( 1997 ) . Global environment. How protect and surrogate? Interaction between environment and being. Both environment and organisms support on changing.. Kagaku to Seibutsu,35( 3 ) , 178-181. Leydesdorff, L. ( 2007 ) . Environment and Planing B: Planning and Design as a diary: the interdisciplinarity of its environment and the commendation impact.Environment and Planning Bacillus: Planning and Design,34( 5 ) , 826-838. Likar, L. E. ( 2011 ) .Eco-warriors, nihilistic terrorists, and the environment. Santa Barbara, Caliph: Praeger. Michna, J. ( 2010 ) .Risk direction on energy and enviromental preservation in CCE states. New York: Heinmman. Newing, H. ( 2010 ) . Interdisciplinary preparation in environmental preservation: definitions, advancement and future waies.Environmental Conservation,37( 04 ) , 410-418. Tachibana, H. ( 2000 ) . Engineering chance for environment in 2000. Prospect of sound environment. Technological reappraisal of sound environment..Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering,29( 2 ) , 149-156. Takeuchi, K. ( 2006 ) . Hydrology uniting planetary environment and human environment. Proceedings of the Symposium on Global Environment,14, 307-307. Tisdell, C. A. ( 2005 ) .Economicss of environmental preservation( 2nd ed. ) . Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub..

Analysis Of John Locke s The Cold Soldier And Douglas...

John Locke argues in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, that personal identity is contingent upon the memories that people form. In essence, the ever-changing body is not a factor into defining who a person is. The consciousness of a subject puts memory into motion and thus, creating his or her identity. The main ideas behind Locke’s theory are still discussed today. However, fictional characters in movies prove that it they are inadequate. Prominent examples include: Neo in The Matrix, Bucky Barnes in Captain America: The Winter Soldier and Douglas Quail in â€Å"We Will Remember It for You Whole Sale.† These characters set a precedence that confirms the invalidity of Locke’s theory as their identities are not based their continuous†¦show more content†¦However, the extensive abilities Neo acquired in the Matrix, most notably the ability to dodge bullets, proves that he lives, thinks, and occupies his body in the Matrix. This evidence suggests tha t the body more than just a framework for memories. It also makes his experiences tangible, by providing a gateway to perceive the world around him. Neo has a more intimate connection to his body than Locke’s theory articulates, and precluding it causes detriment to his personal identity. Neo’s experience with his new body in the Matrix is immense. As he syncs into his new body, he immediately grasps the sense of how it operates when Cypher uploads presets of knowledge into brain. He is unsurprised by his body’s instant mastery of martial arts and rashly challenges Morpheus in a sparring match. Any blind jump into a recently learned task would prove disorientating and frustrating. However, this is not the case, as Neo effortlessly displays adept fighting skills and eventually defeats Morpheus. Additionally, he requires no training wheels to adjust to any other task he performs within the Matrix. This challenges the legitimacy of Locke’s theory as Neo†™s subjective consciousness interprets a new method of how to direct himself in the Matrix. In the final scene, Trinity’s love resurrects Neo, signifying that the body plays an integral part in constructing personal identity. Trinity’s love, along with the